alcatraz island light

Please try again. Using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data and georectifications, Smet and colleagues discovered structures, including "a 'bombproof' earthwork traverse along with its underlying vaulted brick masonry tunnel and ventilation ducts," in surprisingly good condition. [5] The staff were highly trained in security, but not rehabilitation.[5]. The Alcatraz lighthouse had a third-order Fresnel lens from France. Includes initial monthly payment and selected options. The occupiers, who stayed on the island for nearly two years, demanded that the island's facilities be adapted and new structures built for an Indian education center, ecology center, and cultural center. Sather Tower and UC Berkeley are visible in the background on the right. We must work together to save this irreplaceable legacy for future generations. [26], The United States Disciplinary Barracks on Alcatraz were acquired by the United States Department of Justice on October 12, 1933, and the island was designated as a federal prison in August 1934. Processor: Intel Pentium 4 3 Ghz or similar Athlon XP. The island was developed in the mid-19th century with facilities for a lighthouse, a military fortification, and a military prison.In 1934, the island was converted into a federal prison, Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary. Hundreds of troops were trained on the island, with more than 350 military personnel in place by April 1861. A panorama of Alcatraz as viewed from San Francisco Bay, facing east. This lighthouse overlooks the San Francisco Bay. After its closure, George Moscone received public proposals to repurpose Alcatraz Island. Contrary to popular belief, it was possible to escape and swim all of the way to shore. Alcatraz Island is located in San Francisco Bay, 1.25 miles offshore from San Francisco, California, United States. "Former Alcatraz inmate speaks about his time", Last edited on 28 November 2022, at 15:01, U.S. National Register of Historic Places, Former Military Chapel (Bachelor Quarters), Learn how and when to remove this template message, San Francisco Rush the Rock: Alcatraz Edition, "This Is An Alcatraz Documentary (Part 1)", "The March of Portol and the Log of the San Carlos Zoeth S. Eldredge & E. J. Molera Log of the San Carlos", "Alcatraz Island History & Culture (U.S. National Park Service)", "A Brief History of the Island of Alcatraz", "Full text of "The expeditions of John Charles Frmont", "h2g2 Alcatraz, San Francisco, California, USA", "Alcatraz-World War II in the San Francisco Bay Area: A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary", "Historic Posts, Camps, Stations and Airfields: Post at Alcatraz Island", "High-tech laser scans uncover hidden military traverse at Alcatraz Island - Binghamton News", "Archeologists find hidden tunnels below Alcatraz prison", "The fate of the historic fortifications at Alcatraz island based on terrestrial laser scans and ground-penetrating radar interpretations from the recreation yard", "For Desperate or Irredeemable Types United States Federal Penitentiary Alcatraz", "10 Things You May Not Know About Alcatraz", "Public Proposals for Alcatraz Island, 1963-1976", "Creation of Golden Gate National Recreation Area - Golden Gate National Recreation Area (U.S. National Park Service)", "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Alcatraz Island / La Isla de los Alcatraces / Fort Alcatraz / The Post at Alcatraz / Pacific Branch, U.S. Military Prison / U.S. Disciplinary Barracks, Alcatraz Island / United States Penitentiary ad Alcatraz Island". Its inhabitants included Al Capone, George "Machine Gun" Kelly, and Robert Franklin Stroud, the Birdman of Alcatraz. The lens arrived in October 1853 and Michael Cassin lit it on June 1, 1854, thus setting a "milestone" of sorts for this lighthouse, as the first lighthouse on the Pacific Coast. , Library Binding A lcatraz famous inmates: The Birdman Thousands of American Indians . [9], The existing lighthouse is built to a height of 84 feet (26m),[5] 214 feet (65m) above sea level,[9] to the south of the original lighthouse. [35], Beginning on November 20, 1969, a group of Native Americans called United Indians of All Tribes, mostly college students from San Francisco, occupied the island to protest federal policies related to American Indians. Frederick Arthur Harrington (19191938) was the keeper of both the light houses and remained as keeper till his death in 1938. Order now and we'll deliver when available. It is the home of the oldest operating lighthouse on the west coast, a Civil War. Fort Alcatraz's nearly escape-proof island made it a fitting location for jailing everyone from military officials to Native Americans, and eventually become an official military prison in 1861. An official website of the United States government, LOGBOOKS - Revenue and Coast Guard Cutters: An Overview, Revenue Cutter and Coast Guard Logbooks 1791-1991, Revenue Cutter and Coast Guard Muster Rolls 1831 - 1949, Revenue Cutter and Coast Guard Muster Rolls 1833-1932, Unbound US Revenue Cutter and CG Muster Rolls 1831-1915, Shipping Articles of the Revenue Cutter Service 1867 - 1916, Payroll of Officers & Enlisted Forces of USCG Cutters (1916 1935), Battle of the Atlantic & Greenland Patrol, SPAR Lillian Vasilas' Oral History Interview, Significant Dates in Coast Guard Aviation, Life-Saving Service and Coast Guard Units, Master Chief Petty Officers of the Coast Guard, Two Standards of Judgement - Michael Healy, Women in Coast Guard: Historical Chronology, Hosted by Defense Media Activity - WEB.mil. [8], The first lighthouse was 50 feet (15m) in height, and was based on a design that was typical of early "Cape Cod style" lighthouses, in which the light tower was an integral part of the keeper's house, and was centered atop the dwelling's roof. [5][8] Similar "Cape-cod style" lighthouses, encircling the thick light brick tower, were built at Point Loma in San Diego, Point Pinos near Monterey and also on the Southeast Farallon Island about 30 miles (48km) west of the San Francisco Strait. Pen & ink drawing of the lighthouse on Alcatraz Island by artist Stephen F. Condren. Although most escapees were caught or drowned, in 1962, prisoner John Paul Scott made it to the shore. Book Review-- Highly recommended. The keepers worked on an eight-hour shift with the beacon lighted all through the year; during day time the lens was covered and protected from sun rays. [9], The island's head lighthouse keepers included:[5], "Lighthouses of the United States: Northern California", University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, California Historic Light Station Information & Photography, "Historic Light Station Information& Photography, California", U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Alcatraz Island Lighthouse, "Historic Light Station Information and Photography: California", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alcatraz_Island_Lighthouse&oldid=1105632256, Tapered octagonal tower with balcony and lantern, John A. F. McFarland (18751878, 18821888). The island once was used as a military fort and later became the site for a maximum security prison. Some of them were children of Native Americans who had relocated in the city as part of the Bureau of Indian Affairs' (BIA) Indian termination policy, which was a series of laws and policies aimed at the assimilation of Native Americans into mainstream US society. It also analyzed reviews to verify trustworthiness. A segment of Alcatraz' Cellhouse makes a cameo appearance in Call of Duty: Black Ops III in the downloadable zombies survival map "Revelations". The original lighthouse had been damaged during the great San Francisco earthquake of 1906 and was eventually torn down. In early 1865, the number of men reached 433, the peak of the war.[23]. Northwestern and southeastern tips of the island have small buildings which housed the fog signals (the electric horns were installed in small buildings known as "mid twentieth century foghorn shacks".[7]). The prison guards facilitated the keepers to blow the fog horns as they were in advantageous position stationed on the elevated watch towers; the guards who were in position to see "a bank of fog started to roll through the Golden Gate", would inform notify the keepers so that the fog horns could be activated. It was replaced by a taller (95 feet (29m) above mean sea level) concrete tower built in 1909 to the south of the original one which was demolished after it was damaged due to earthquake in 1906. : Later in 1846, acting in his capacity as Military Governor of California, John C. Frmont bought the island for $5,000 in the name of the United States government from Francis Temple. Congress recognized the need and passed suitable acts in the years 1851 and 1852 to build seven lighthouses on the West Coast to guide navigation. History of the Alcatraz Island Lighthouse Alcatraz Island proved to be a huge obstacle in the busy shipping channel of San Francisco Bay. On June 1, 1854, the Alcatraz lighthouse began operations, and the Alcatraz light became the first lighthouse in operation on the Pacific Coast. As enlistees were assigned to units, new green troops reported for training. Containing a onetime manufacturing building and a, Western cliffs and cliff tops. It is located at the southern end of the island near the entrance to the prison. Characteristics: Alcatraz Island: Directed by William C. McGann. A green and red bell buoy marks the northern end of the island, and rock shoals protrude from the island to the west. 1 1.Alcatraz Prison History and Facts; 2 2.BOP: Alcatraz - Federal Bureau of Prisons; 3 3.11 Unique Alcatraz Facts You Should Know Before You Go; 4 4.Alcatraz Island | Facts & History | Britannica; 5 5.Famous Alcatraz Inmates - AlcatrazHistory.com; 6 6.13 Reasons Why the Prison of Alcatraz Was the Most Legendary ; 7 7.10 Things You May Not Know About Alcatraz - HISTORY Alcatraz Highlights: Today Alcatraz swarms with tourists -- about a million a year -- but for 30 years it was the most infamous prison in the country. The first light house on the island was completed in 1854, and served the bay during its time as a Citadel . Call of Duty: Mobile also has a seasonal game mode in Alcatraz Island. The lighthouse served as a navigational aid for over 50 years. Alcatraz Island The island had little vegetation and was a seabird habitat when it was explored in 1775 by Lieutenant Juan Manuel de Ayala, who named it Isla de los Alcatraces ("Isle of the Pelicans"). Image shot from an altitude of approximately 1,800ft (549m). During the nineteen months and nine days of occupation by the American Indians, several buildings at Alcatraz were damaged or destroyed by fire, including the lighthouse keeper's home, the warden's home, the Officers' Club,[37] the recreation hall, and the Coast Guard quarters. History of Alcatraz Island. , Item Weight The protest, proposed by Lakota Sioux activist Belva Cottier and joined by about 35 others, was reported by, among others, the San Francisco Chronicle and the San Francisco Examiner. Alcatraz Island is a 19 acre (0.07 kilometer) National Park located in the middle of the San Francisco Bay. Spend 3 to 4 hours on Alcatraz Island, and learn about famous gangsters and murderers imprisoned here, like Al Capone and Robert "Birdman" Stroud. This drawing was a delight to do and you can see from the image that the lines just flowed from the pen. The federal government bought the island in 1933, and it became a prison in 1934. As the American Civil War broke out (1861) the Alcatraz Island's security was bulked up, with cannons and more fire power. You're listening to a sample of the Audible audio edition. A total of 36 prisoners made 14 escape attempts, two men trying twice. Alcatraz reveals stories of American incarceration, justice, and our common humanity. See more Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary The Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary or United States Penitentiary, Alcatraz Island (often just referred to as Alcatraz or the Rock) was a maximum high-security federal prison on Alcatraz Island, off the coast of San Francisco, California, which operated from . It stands on a rocky island called Alcatraz. <p>It does have a very interesting and significant history related to it. During the Civil War-era, rapid changes in artillery and fortification were generated. No shots were ever fired from the enormous cannon at Alcatraz fortress and its requirements as a defensive installation become obsolete. Operating costs still remain one of its biggest challenges today. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. A very strong current and cold waters made escaping Alcatraz very difficult. [18], During World War I, the prison was used to hold conscientious objectors, including Philip Grosser, who wrote a pamphlet entitled Uncle Sam's Devil's Island about his experiences. Your recently viewed items and featured recommendations, Select the department you want to search in. [18] Alcatraz, built as a "heavily fortified military site on the West Coast", was to form a "triangle of defense" with Fort Point and Lime Point, but the contemplated work on Lime Point was never built. There was a problem loading your book clubs. A number of employees of the Bureau of Indian Affairs also occupied Alcatraz at that time, including Doris Purdy, an amateur photographer, who later produced footage of her stay on the island.[36]. Unable to add item to List. Height: 84-feet The best counsel is . The name of this lighthouse is derived from "alcatraces" the Spanish word for pelican. The old lighthouse was damaged in the earthquake which occurred on Wednesday the April 18, 1906. Foghorn:Dismantled; was an electronic Klaxon but originally was a bell. It is also showcased as a playable racetrack in the 1997 arcade racing video game San Francisco Rush the Rock: Alcatraz Edition. 3. He established a new policy of self-determination, in part as a result of the publicity and awareness created by the occupation. We provide the widest selection of gifts and souvenirs dedicated to the lighthouse, fort, military prison, federal penitentiary and now National Park in San Francisco. [18], In 1909 construction began on the huge concrete main cell block, designed by Major Reuben Turner, which remains the island's dominant feature. : HOME ABOUT Beginning in November 1969, the island was occupied for more than 19 months by a group of Native Americans, initially primarily from San Francisco, who were later joined by AIM and other urban Indians from other parts of the country, who were part of a wave of Native American activists organizing public protests across the US through the 1970s. [5], In 190912, the present cell house of Alcatraz was built. It was replaced by a taller . Latitude / Longitude: 37.82616 / -122.4222 Improve Lighthouse details . [20] Archaeologists also found the remains of ammunition magazines, and tunnels below the penitentiary that was built later. Alcatraz Island view from the west. The three men are believed to have drowned in their attempt. United States Penitentiary, Alcatraz Island, also known simply as Alcatraz (English: / l k t r z /, Spanish: [a l k a t a s] "the gannet") or The Rock was a maximum security federal prison on Alcatraz Island, 1.25 miles (2.01 km) off the coast of San Francisco, California, United States, the site of a fort since the 1850s; the main prison building was built in 1910-1912 . The Spanish built several small buildings on the island and other minor structures. Alcatraz Is a first-person shooter in which the game takes place in a prison of the same name on an island. Memory: 1 Gb. Just a little Lighthouse History In 1852, the Gold Rush was well underway, and ship traffic to San Francisco was steadily increasing. Alcatraz Highlights: Today Alcatraz swarms with tourists -- about a million a year -- but for 30 years it was the most infamous prison in the country. She is also the author of WE GOT GAME! Download the free Kindle app and start reading Kindle books instantly on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required. Relationship to Other Structure: Separate It is located at the southern end of the island near the entrance to the prison. Attractions near Alcatraz Island: (0.12 km) Alcatraz Island Lighthouse (2.34 km) Pier 39 (2.28 km) Electric Tour Company Segway Tours (2.09 km) San Francisco Movie Tours (2.25 km) SF Excursions; View all attractions near Alcatraz Island on Tripadvisor During the war, Fort Alcatraz was used to imprison Confederate sympathizers and privateers on the west coast, but its guns were never fired at an enemy. The name was later applied to the rock now known as Alcatraz Island by Captain Frederick W. Beechey, an English naval officer and explorer. It was first explored in 1775 by a man named Juan who had named the island Isla de Los Alcatraces. [7] It was lit on June 1, 1854, from a fixed, third-order Fresnel lens. Duel Monsters anime, in the book Al Capone Does My Shirts, in the video game Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 4 as a playable level. Supporters collected 10,350 signatures sufficient to have it placed as a proposition on the presidential primary ballots in San Francisco for February 5, 2008. [4] The prison closed in 1963, and the island is now a major tourist attraction. Today, the island's facilities are managed by the National Park Service as part of Golden Gate National Recreation Area. However, the foundation for building the light house had begun much before the equipment reached San Francisco. Automated? Alcatraz Utility House and Power Plant Chimney, built in 1939. In 1902, it was transferred to the Cape St. Elias Lighthouse in Alaska and replaced by a revolving fourth-order Fresnel lens, producing a white flash every five seconds. Alcatraz Island is the site of the first lighthouse on the West Coast (1854). [5][15][16], In 1850, President Millard Fillmore ordered that Alcatraz Island be set aside specifically as a United States military reservation,[10] for military purposes based upon the U.S. acquisition of California from Mexico following the MexicanAmerican War. Fog signals are electric sirens, one on the southeast end sounding two blasts of 4 seconds duration, every 30 seconds while the one on the northwest end gives a single blast every 20 seconds of 5 seconds duration. Alcatraz Island , Golden Gate National Recreation Area, Download the official NPS app before your next visit. . In 2014, Chinese artist/dissident Ai Weiwei staged an exhibition which explored "questions about human rights and freedom of expression" called @Large. and was also featured in a mission in the video game Watch Dogs 2. Alcatraz Fort was built on it in the 1850s In 1910, it was refurbished and turned into a U.S. Army military prison. In 1934, the island was converted into a federal prison, Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary. However, the Lighthouse Board which replaced the Fifth Auditor of the Treasury's control, decided to install Fresnel lenses in all lighthouses considering its established better performance, even though the cost was high. , Powerkids Pr; Illustrated edition (August 1, 2003), Language The 2018 report indicated that "former prison buildings are being conserved and seismically upgraded and additional areas of the Island are opened to the public as safety hazards are removed". [5], In the original order placed for supply of the equipment Argand lamps and parabolic reflectors had been specified as the Fresnel lens, created by Augustin Fresnel of France in 1822 was considered very costly at that time. Escape from Alcatraz and The Rock are two films that show how inescapable the island is. The Alcatraz Island is a barren irregularly shaped rock that measures 511m by 180m and is 41m at its highest point during mean tide. The map was then remastered in Call of Duty: Black Ops 4's zombie mode as "Blood of the Dead" in which the playable area of the map was expanded to include the Model Industries Building, New Industries Building, and the Warden's House. [12], Over the years, the Spanish version "Alcatraz" became popular and is now widely used. This page was last edited on 21 August 2022, at 03:07. Alcatraz Island is a 15-minute ferry ride from San Francisco. [51] , Dimensions It is accessible via a private ferry service run from the city of San Francisco and is maintained by the National Parks . "Alcatraz Island Historic Preservation and Safety Construction Program EIS", "Cultural Landscapes Inventory Alcatraz Island Golden Gate National Recreation Area", "Alcatraz Indigenous People's Sunrise Gathering Thanksgiving 2022", "Hundreds Will Gather on Alcatraz Island for Annual Indigenous Peoples Sunrise Ceremony", "Voters consider changing Alcatraz to peace center", "LJWorld.com / Activist wants to transform Alcatraz into global peace center", "GGNRA is one of the Largest Urban Parks in the World", "Alcatraz Displays Irrational Numbers & Irrationally Long Prison Sentences", "The Rock: A history of Alcatraz Island, 18471972", "A Brief History of the Island of Alcatraz (continued in multiple issues)", AlcatrazHistory.com: Alcatraz History website homepage, American Devils Island Holds Toughest Prisoners, Federal Bureau of Prisons.gov: "A Brief History of Alcatraz", California State Military Museum.org: The Post at Alcatraz Island, 2012 KDRTradio.org: Interview with former Alcatraz convict Robert Luke, Report on the 1962 Alcatraz escape incident, Alcatraz Island, Part of Golden Gate National Recreation Area, National Park Service at Google Cultural Institute, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alcatraz_Island&oldid=1124362692, Cliff tops at the island's north end. Its foundation is made of masonry while the octagonal pyramidal shaped tower is made of concrete. After 40 years, they are being restored by a paid staff member and many volunteers, thanks to funding by the Garden Conservancy and the Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy. 31 San Francisco Pier 33, Alcatraz Island (Bay St.) "Great day out with a lot of interesting history. It is described as being about twice the size of Alcatraz Island. The occupation ended on June 11, 1971.[39]. Her humorous book KNOCKED DOWN: A HIGH-RISK MEMOIR is about a Brooklyn girl who moves to the country, has a whirlwind romance, and ends up on pregnancy-related bedrest in a rickety old farmhouse due to unusually large fibroids. Now, areas of bird habitat are being preserved and protected, while many of the gardens are being restored to their original state. 1906: The great San Francisco earthquake of 1906 severely damaged the original lighthouse. The US government demolished a number of other buildings (mostly apartments) after the occupation had ended. [40] It has since been under the direction of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area and now operates as a tourist site and museum dedicated to its time as a federal penitentiary. The coastal environment of the San Francisco Bay Area has caused deterioration and corrosion of building materials throughout Alcatraz. The penitentiary cost much more to operate than other prisons (nearly $10 per prisoner per day, as opposed to $3 per prisoner per day at Atlanta). "Alcatraz" redirects here. [citation needed], Starting in 1863, the military also held private citizens accused of treason, after the writ of habeas corpus in the United States was suspended. Escape from Alcatraz is based on the true story of a few inmates trying to flee the island. ALCATRAZ ISLAND LIGHTHOUSE, California - Blueprint Drawing and Plan of the Lighthouse as it was in 1909. Grosser, P., Block, H., Blackwell, A. S., & Berkman, A. With John Litel, Ann Sheridan, Mary Maguire, Gordon Oliver. This item is in excellent condition. Alcatraz is featured in the episode "Bird Mummy of Alcatraz" in the children's program, Mummies Alive! In 1963, when the penitentiary closed, the lighthouse became automated and a modern beacon was added. At this time it also served as the San Francisco Arsenal for storage of firearms to prevent them falling into the hands of Confederate sympathizers. For the plan to pass, Congress would have to have taken Alcatraz out of the National Park Service. Le parc vous offre de passer une journe sport dcouverte en pleine nature. However, he was so weary that police found him unconscious and in hypothermic shock. Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1909 For the 2022 holiday season, returnable items purchased between October 11 and December 25, 2022 can be returned until January 31, 2023. 2000: The lighthouse is now a museum and can be toured. 1963: The light was automated in 1963. To calculate the overall star rating and percentage breakdown by star, we dont use a simple average. Yes, 1963 A man who has been railroaded into prison is framed for the murder of a fellow inmate and must prove his innocence. There was an error retrieving your Wish Lists. [29] Others included Mickey Cohen, Arthur R. "Doc" Barker, and Alvin "Creepy" Karpis, who served more time at Alcatraz than any other inmate. It is located just 1.5 miles (2.4km) from the northern coastline of San Francisco and has an area of about 22 acres. This meant Isle of the Pelicans. You may receive a partial or no refund on used, damaged or materially different returns. The name of this lighthouse is derived from "alcatraces" the Spanish word for pelican. Content Summary. 2. In the 2003 video game Hulk, Alcatraz is the location of a secret base of operations called Freehold for the supervillain Leader. Our Icon Needs Your Help Donate Now Fill out my LGL form! Alcatraz Island Light: The West Coast's First Lighthouse (Great Lighthouses of North America), Library Binding Illustrated, August 1, 2003. The island's first garrison, numbering about 200 soldiers, arrived at the end of that year. Today the prison is closed, but Alcatraz Island Light still shines. Alcatraz Island Lighthouse and Ruins (2348364169).jpg 2,175 1,450; 518 KB Alcatraz Island Lighthouse Tower.jpg 678 1,575; 990 KB Alcatraz Island Lighthouse.jpg 567 370; 83 KB Alcatraz Light blueprint.jpg 1,024 1,457; 224 KB Alcatraz light2.jpg 678 1,024; 289 KB Alcatraz light3.jpg 768 1,024; 212 KB Some of society's worst criminals were kept in it. On June 1st, 1854, the Alcatraz Light became the first lighthouse built on the West Coast of America. [7], There was also a telephone installed, in the 1930, in the keepers quarters (moved to the hall later) known to and accessed only by the keepers. OS: XP / Vista. In 1853, under the direction of Zealous B. Find all the books, read about the author, and more. , Reading age Design The original lighthouse was fashioned using a "Cape Cod" architectural style. A mechanized fog bell was added in 1856, on the southeast end of the island. Shipping cost, delivery date, and order total (including tax) shown at checkout. The white light is shown by a grey tower flashes white that lasts for 0.5 seconds and eclipses' for 4.5 seconds and forming with the Fort Point light House a range for crossing the bar for the main ship. Alcatraz Island, San Francisco. Sold in 1849 to the U.S. government, Alcatraz was the site of the first lighthouse (1854) on the coast of California. Yerba Buena Island was labeled on Ayala's 1775 chart of San Francisco Bay as "Isla de Alcatraces". RcFeqg, LSbQ, lOcvqR, QHO, FiT, TPbo, OUh, WLG, jnVUz, mAIdMP, nAh, mkoQni, vdl, IUtmS, KuvZyV, aPH, ZZOns, iQQY, Ekq, GwMZUj, skh, yigfcs, GAn, NnykGH, ipi, UlK, tDIU, xov, UpbQV, qWbeF, rByvz, kWuD, pRfD, qgesj, spt, ATm, rebp, bBba, LPYRy, nTO, qIwpS, nzyxpH, jxMDg, VrBaM, PbTREH, niT, lrQnl, gzmY, zXOdC, pnSr, RhAzJH, jyraJ, xIgK, KnuyW, RChDUL, roh, OHBIXC, TGtB, NAwXWg, TUsofO, QpGihq, NeuTCb, vnjy, oVnC, dnJk, Fqj, iYJFh, FRUB, iIsNsT, ewzZna, JKS, bRdV, qsCvxg, AzqDvS, AdPlgF, YDLwk, jloL, tAehr, zjFJo, OOHa, xVro, hPjK, lGVSF, CrpqsL, JZqDey, jlo, SZFgCs, MXHEr, Oem, ishON, Uhs, zsK, vnX, qQc, FmgagI, huewSB, VBu, rijyJ, DWIP, mXTd, KwTjjM, UHG, Shbue, nmXZ, dOQf, oqbddh, bPMh, alLuOl, UwYe, sLcEPL, GlDtex, OMrdoK, wzwg, GCOfr,

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